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Theistic science, also referred to as theistic realism, is the proposal that methodological naturalism should be replaced by a philosophy of science that is informed by supernatural revelation,〔 which would allow occasional supernatural explanations particularly in topics that impact theology; as for example evolution.〔Scott, Eugenie C. "The 'science and religion movement': an opportunity for improved public understanding of science?", in 〕 Supporters of this viewpoint include intelligent design creationism proponents J. P. Moreland, Alvin Plantinga, Stephen C. Meyer and Phillip E. Johnson.〔 The viewpoint is shunned by mainstream science and religion.〔 ==Johnson== In 1987 the United States Supreme Court ruled that a Louisiana law requiring that creation science be taught in public schools, along with evolution, was unconstitutional because the law was specifically intended to advance a particular religion (''Edwards v. Aguillard''). Phillip E. Johnson, a leading champion of the law, became convinced that creationists had lost the case because the methodological naturalism used by the scientific community in defining science does not include supernatural processes, and therefore (unfairly, in his opinion) excluded creationism. He concluded that creationists must therefore redefine science to restore the supernatural, and developed the wedge strategy.〔(Understanding the Intelligent Design Creationist Movement: Its True Nature and Goals. ) (pdf) A Position Paper from the Center for Inquiry, Office of Public Policy Barbara Forrest. May, 2007, Retrieved 2007-06-12.〕 The intelligent design movement began with the publication of ''Of Pandas and People'' in 1989,〔(''Of Pandas and People'', the foundational work of the 'Intelligent Design' movement ) by Nick Matzke 2004, Retrieved 2007-06-12.〕 and Johnson later became its de facto leader.〔 In an essay written in 1996, Johnson wrote of the intelligent design movement that "My colleagues and I speak of 'theistic realism' — or sometimes, 'mere creation' — as the defining concept of our movement. This means that we affirm that God is objectively real as Creator, and that the reality of God is tangibly recorded in evidence accessible to science, particularly in biology."〔〔(Starting a Conversation about Evolution ), Phillip E. Johnson, 1996, cited in Forrest&Gross(2004) p315〕 Johnson presents theistic realism as a philosophical justification for intelligent design in his 1998 book, ''Reason in the Balance''. According to Johnson, true knowledge begins with the acknowledgment of God as creator of the universe, the unifying characteristic of which is that it was created by God. Theistic realism relies on a concept of God which involves the notions that He is real, personal, and acting in the world through mechanistic creationism. The Wedge Document of 1999 states "Design theory promises to reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist world view, and to replace it with a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theistic science」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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